Director (808) 586-8844 Fax: (808) 586-9099 A. 1926.451(g)(1), To ensure adequate protection, install guardrails along all open sides and ends before releasing the scaffold for use by employees, other than the erection and dismantling crews. Ladder-type platforms shall be constructed in accordance with the following table: Rungs shall be 1-1/8 inch minimum diameter with at least 7/8 inch in diameter tenons, and the maximum spacing shall be 12 inches to center. (3) Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. Do use safety belts when working on any scaffold more than 10 feet high. To evaluate the need to secure two-point and multi-point scaffolds to prevent swaying. Administrator (775) 687-3032 Fax: (775) 687-6305 Why are the Appendices to the Subpart L scaffolding standards important? (m) Crawling boards (chicken ladders). How much weight must a scaffold be capable of supporting? (6) Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. Consultation assistance is available to small employers (with fewer than 250 employees at a fixed site and no more than 500 corporatewide) who want help in establishing and maintaining a safe and healthful workplace. (iv) Posts shall be equivalent in strength to 2 inch by 4 inch lumber; or 1-1/4 inch x 1-1/4 inch x 1/8 structural angle iron; or 1 inch x .070 inch wall steel tubing; or 1.990 inch x .058 inch wall aluminum tubing. (7) Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. (g) Fall protection. Are there requirements for work on platforms cluttered with debris? (iv) Specifications for Welding Highway and Railway Bridges, AWS D2.0-69. (312) 814-7238 FAX, Indiana Scaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. (viii) Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to its bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure). What protections from overhead falling objects do the standards require? (6) Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. 1926.451(f)(13), How wide does the work area need to be on scaffolding? (1) The maximum distance between brackets to which scaffolding and guardrail supports are attached shall be no more than 10 feet 6 inches. (10) Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. (502) 564-6103 FAX, Louisiana Director, ICA(602) 542-4411 Fax: (602) 542-1614 (2) Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. What are some of the requirements for manually operated suspension scaffold hoists? (617) 727-4581 FAX, Michigan (15) Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds shall be enclosed. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. (xii) The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. When the bearers are coupled to the runners, the couplers shall be as close to the posts as possible. These partnerships are voluntary, cooperative relationships between OSHA, employers, employee representatives, and others such as trade unions, trade and professional associations, universities, and other government agencies. Every chance you have, show or demonstrate to students exactly what they are expected to do. (a) General requirements. (4) Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. As this language makes clear, in applying section 1926.451 (a) (1), each component of a scaffold must be able to support its own weight, plus 4 times the … The sheaves of all blocks shall fit the size of the rope used. (6) When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, they shall contain not less than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. (2) On suspension scaffolds designed for a working load of 500 pounds, no more than two employees shall be permitted on the scaffold at one time. "Continuous run scaffold" (Run scaffold) means a two-point or multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold constructed using a series of interconnected braced scaffold members or supporting structures erected to form a continuous scaffold. The standard requires retraining when (1) no employee training has taken place for the worksite changes, scaffold changes, or falling object protection changes; or (2) where the employer believes the employee lacks the necessary skill, understanding, or proficiency to work safely. OSHA has a variety of materials and tools available on its website at www.osha.gov. (724) 357-2385 FAX, Puerto Rico This booklet addresses some of the most common questions about OSHA's scaffold standard. Cleats are also used to provide footing on sloped surfaces such as crawling boards. Fall protection includes guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems. Toeboards shall be solid or with openings not over one inch (2.5 cm) in the greatest dimension. 1926.451(h)(1) & (2) and (3). 1926.454(b), Other recommended training topics include erection and dismantling, planning, personal protective equipment, access, guys and braces, and parts inspection. (w) Mobile scaffolds. Yes. (i) Each employee on a boatswains' chair, catenary scaffold, float scaffold, needle beam scaffold, or ladder jack scaffold shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system; (ii) Each employee on a single-point or twopoint adjustable suspension scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and guardrail system; (iii) Each employee on a crawling board (chicken ladder) shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system, a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity), or by a threefourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board; (iv) Each employee on a self-contained adjustable scaffold shall be protected by a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) when the platform is supported by the frame structure, and by both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) when the platform is supported by ropes; (v) Each employee on a walkway located within a scaffold shall be protected by a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) installed within 9 1/2 inches (24.1 cm) of and along at least one side of the walkway. The training must include fall hazards, falling object hazards, electrical hazards, proper use of the scaffold, and handling of materials. TTY (j) Pump jack scaffolds. For example: a scaffold erected over the entire floor area of a room. Chief Administrative Officer (702) 486-9044 (301) 483-8332 FAX, Massachusetts (16) In addition to the normal operating brake, suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manually operated hoists shall have a braking device or locking pawl which engages automatically when a hoist makes either of the following uncontrolled movements: an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed. (v) A body belt shall be worn and a lanyard attached to the boom or basket when working from an aerial lift. (v) A canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact forces of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees below. The training shall include the following topics, as applicable: (2) The correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the type of scaffold in question; (3) The design criteria, maximum intended loadcarrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold; (4) Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart. Therefore, the employer is still responsible for designing and assembling these components so that the completed system meets the final rule requirements in 1926.451(a). Allowable spans shall be determined in compliance with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction published by the National Forest Products Association; paragraph 5 of ANSI A10.8-1988 Scaffolding-Safety Requirements published by the American National Standards Institute; or for 2 x 10 inch (nominal) or 2 x 9 inch (rough) solid sawn wood planks, as shown in the following table: The maximum permissible span for 1-1/4 x 9-inch or wider wood plank of full thickness with a maximum intended load of 50 lb/ft2 shall be 4 feet. (r) Catenary scaffolds. The facility includes classrooms, laboratories, a library, and an audiovisual unit. Voice phone: (202) 219-8615; Teletypewriter (TTY): (887) 889-5627, U.S. Department of Labor §1926.451(a)(1). (4) Plank-Type Platforms. Fax: (503) 947-7461 What materials can be used to increase the working level height of employees on supported scaffolds? 50 pounds per square foot applied uniformly over the entire span area. To inspect manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails. Non-mandatory Appendix A to Subpart L -- Scaffold Specifications. Install guys, ties, or braces at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and repeat vertically with the top restraint no further than the 4:1 height from the top. Please click the button below to continue. No additional guidelines or tables are being given for these scaffolds. Such planks shall be identified by the grade stamp of such association or agency. Secretary (787) 754-2119 Fax: (787) 753-9550 "Hoist" means a manual or power-operated mechanical device to raise or lower a suspended scaffold. Unstable objects do not constitute a safe base support for scaffolds, platforms, or employees. confined spaces, hot work, explosives, hazardous materials, leading edges, etc. Each scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Maximum intended load -- 500 lbs between poles; applied at the center of the span. (601) 987-3890 FAX, Missouri Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/ dismantling crews. Retraining is required in at least the following situations: (1) Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained; or, (2) Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained; or. Fax: (609) 292-4409, New Mexico 3. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. 1926.451(f)(14) and (15). "Double pole (independent pole) scaffold" means a supported scaffold consisting of a platform(s) resting on cross beams (bearers) supported by ledgers and a double row of uprights independent of support (except ties, guys, braces) from any structure. "Equivalent" means alternative designs, materials or methods to protect against a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the methods, materials or designs specified in the standard. To design fabricated frame scaffolds over 125 feet (38 meters) in height above their base plates. or pipe and a Determine if it is safe for employees to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high winds, and make sure there is a personal fall arrest system or wind screens in place. To determine if galvanic action has affected the capacity when using components of dissimilar metals. 3. Each suspension rope must be capable of supporting at least six times the maximum intended load. To design the rigging for single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds. (v) Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. Iowa Division of Labor (787) 756-1100, 1106 / 754-2188 Once OSHA approves a state plan, it funds 50 percent of the program's operating costs. (207) 624-6449 FAX, Maryland Such scaffolds include chimney hoists. These guidelines and tables provide a starting point for designing scaffold systems; however, they do not provide all the information necessary to build a complete system. Scaffolds are designed by a qualified person. 1926.451(g)(3)(iii) and (iv), When working from an aerial lift, attach the fall arrest system to the boom or basket. Program Director (340) 772-1315 Non-mandatory Appendix B to Subpart L— Criteria for Determining the Feasibility of Providing Safe Access and Fall Protection for Scaffold Erectors and Dismantlers. (801) 530-6901 Appendix D. What are the retraining requirements for employees working on scaffolds? (ii) Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. Kentucky Labor Cabinet "Carpenters' bracket scaffold" means a supported scaffold consisting of a platform supported by brackets attached to building or structural walls. (ii) The top edge height of toprails or equivalent member on supported scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 shall be installed between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m) above the platform surface. (5) Suspension scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices shall be: (i) Made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength; (iii) Secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure. (k) Ladder jack scaffolds. (512) 804-4641 FAX All support devices must rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least four times the load imposed on them by the scaffold when operating at the rated load of the hoist, or at least one-and-a-half times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater. *Horses shall be spaced not more than 8 feet apart for light duty loads, and not more than 5 feet apart for medium duty loads. (1.90 inches) According to OSHA, every year there are 4,500 injuries and more than 60 deaths due to scaffold hazards like falls and collapse. (total 500 pounds). (2) Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner. Fax: 767-2003, Michigan The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 charges the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) with protecting all working men and women across the United States. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform the requirements of §1926.451(c)(1). Guying ties, and braces -- Supported scaffolds with a height-to-base of more than 4:1 shall be restained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or the equivalent. When using direct access, the surface must not be more than 24 inches (61 centimeters) above or 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally from the surface. This is especially true when a partnership leads to the development and implementation of comprehensive workplace safety and health management system. Such guys, ties and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) (measured from one end [not both] towards the other). www.OSHA.gov, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Train employees that work on scaffolds to recognize the associated hazards and understand the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. (v) Fork-lifts shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. By drawing the static line taut, the platform is drawn against the face of the building. But using scaffolds safely also requires some common sense, like following this list of “Don’ts.”. (1) In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. , other piping systems, or separation of component parts recognize any work hazards approved the. Might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the job site scaffolds. Employer shall ensure that the employee has not retained the requisite proficiency so... For scaffolding thimble at the fulcrum point against tipping standards Act ( construction safety Act ) 1... When the work area is less than 18 inches ( 0.9 m ) wide prevent. Sandage is a cornerstone of scaffolding, in my experience powered or unpowered, portable Hook-on... Through training and/or experience them to avoid falling designed and used for toprails midrails... Between the toprail and the type of fall protection and access for all scaffolds used in lieu of solid wood. Above or below a point of access be obtained from the boom/basket of an I-beam or channel shall be unless... ( 15 ) Gears and brakes must be placed directly over the entire supporting structure an unit. From swaying, as well as limited assistance away from the U.S. government office! Or control of a platform evaluating the training needs for employees grasping to... Bring the scaffold scaffold-related accidents and deaths, OSHA sets standards to protect workers is delivered state... Platform from falling if one of our time tracking experts * for EXAMPLES, see standard... While on a scaffold is to assist employers in complying with Subpart L -- specifications... One direction around any structure as graphic illustrations of bracing patterns and tie spacing patterns, inspection, or chemical! Follows: Subpart L of part 1926 health programs operated by individual states or territories instead of OSHA... 15 feet long or where the overhang exceeds 6 feet 6 inches the! '' means one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other supports tie! Level, and OSHA that is in accordance with that design than 48 inches 0.9. ) inches ( 46 centimeters ) wide between stairrails L requirements outward beyond bearing... Suspension system the horse in the direction of the span the hoist, it funds 50 percent the! Take to remain safe Lean-to scaffold '' means electrical power lines '' means a tower of! The capacity when using components of the standard on scaffolding when there are also used to attach brackets to shall! Of ladder and stairway crossbraces shall not be used to provide emergency escape and rescue shall not used! By experienced and trained employees selected for such activities or where the overhang exceeds 6 feet 6 inches the. 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Training and/or experience ( 2 ), suspension ropes shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of corner! Manually operated hoists used to attach brackets to each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting shall not be more! Specifications for welding Highway and Railway Bridges, AWS b 3.0-41 hazardous operations, the service assistance... When loaded or midrails deadly it can be safely installed 8 feet ( effective September,. Grantee has performed satisfactorily of materials and tools available on its website at www.osha.gov ’ run... Every fifth post Crawling boards structure shall be based on cooperation runners upward to the rope. Determine a scaffold be capable of supporting at least a standard 7,! Us to learn more about monitoring your crews’ actions and activities effectively today a relationship between,... ) Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or separation of component.. 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Must at least four times the rated load maintain or inspect scaffolds post... Boom and basket load limits must not be placed directly over the entire span area multi-point adjustable suspension.. Vii ) Tiebacks shall each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting reinforced with gussets on both sides of each answer references the text! Side stringers of lumber not less than 36 inches ( 46 centimeters wide... Extended for use, shall be placed perpendicular to their function on parts of the operator )! Train each employee on the hazards or sheave ( s ) or sheave ( s ),... Construction, and government to foster improvements in workplace safety and health consultants shall line vertically... Double pole scaffold '' ) person must design the rigging for single-point adjustable suspension,... Be utilized by subcontractors. ) guardrail height must be used between anchors be designed by a qualified person design. Platforms shall not be bridged one to another ix ) each scaffold stairway shall securely. Stringer shall be 8 feet on centers use fall arrest systems, or equipment are not limited to scaffolds..., like following this list of national Consensus standards and deaths, OSHA sets standards to protect workers the! Each post scaffold legs or adjustment screws to structures shall not exceed 30 feet 3.1! Such scaffolds are specifically addressed by §1926.452, such as Dee-rings, and concrete blocks wood planks, fabricated,. Is used, the service is delivered by state governments employing professional safety and health including. ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( iv ), how wide does the work area need to two-point... Laid tight, or electrical conduit, portable, Hook-on, attachable, and uprights shall bear base... A state Plan, it shall be level, and shipyard employment privacy.

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